These results suggest that the immunological functions of macrophages is related to the activity of glutathione peroxidase. The non-specific immune-polysaccharide might protect macrophages by the damage induced by reactive oxygen species by enhancing anti-oxidative capacity.
Category Archives: Why It Works
The Physio-Chemical Characteristics of the Polysaccharide-peptide (PSP) of Coriolus versicolor (Yun Zhi)
Q.Y. Yang, S.C. Yong and X.T. Yang
Shanghai Normal University
Abstract
PSP is an anticarcinogen and immunological regulator identified as a polysaccharide peptide which has been extracted from the deep layer cultivated mycelia of Coriolus versicolor. Infrared spectrophotometer at wavelenghts of 3432 cm-1, 1621 cm-1 and 1073 cm-1 produces three absorption bands.
The N.M.R. of PSP has the characteristic to show absorption at 1.0-2.5 ppm, 3.0-3.4, 4.5, 5.4 ppm and broad absorption in the region of 3.0-4.3 ppm.
Use spectrophotometer to determine the effluent separated from the column of gel chromatography (Sephadex G-75), The results shown that maximum absorption peaks of polypeptide and polysaccharides are found in the homeo-collecting tubes.
The polysaccharide portion is composed of the five monsaccharides, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, and fucose. The amino acids most frequently found in the polypeptide are aspartic and glutamic. PSP has no sharply defined fusion point. It is insoluble in methyl alcohol, pryridine, benzene, hexane, and chloroform but is very soluble in hot water. The pH value of its 1% water solution is 6.6. It is heat and light stable. &nbp; When kept at a temperature of 100oC for 48 hours or irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 hours there is essentially no change in composition. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) the molecular weight has been calculated at about 1×105 Dalton.
Suppression of cancer cell growth in vitro by the protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor QUEL (PS-K) with SOD mimicking activity.
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Cancer Biother. 1994 Spring;9(1):63-9.
Kobayashi Y, Kariya K, Saigenji K, Nakamura K.
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kotasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Abstract
The protein-bound polysaccharide of Coriolus versicolor QUEL (PS-K) expresses the mimicking activity of superoxide
dismutase (SOD). Examination was made of the suppressive effects of PS-K on cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. The
SOD activity of LLC-WRC-256 (Walker 256 fibrosarcoma) cell lines was less than that of NRK-49F (rat normal kidney
fibroblast), H4-II-E (rat hepatoma) and H4-II-E-C3 (rat hepatoma) cell lines. This activity in Walker 256 fibrosarcoma cells
increased by 3.6 times and H2O2 concentration, by 2.56 times by PS-K 500 micrograms/ml. Cell proliferation was
consequently suppressed and living cells decreased to less than 50% of the cells cultured without PS-K. Catalase and
glutathione peroxidase activity changed little by PS-K. The sensitivity of cancer cells to PS-K can be predetermined based
on SOD activity in tumor tissue.
PMID: 7812358 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
PubMed
U.S. National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health
MeSH Terms, Substances
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Randomized adjuvant trial to evaluate the addition of tamoxifen and PSK to chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer. 5-Year results from the Nishi-Nippon Group of the Adjuvant Chemoendocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer Organization.
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Cancer. 1992 Nov 15;70(10):2475-83.
Toi M, Hattori T, Akagi M, Inokuchi K, Orita K, Sugimachi K, Dohi K, Nomura Y, Monden Y, Hamada Y, et al.
Department of Surgery, Hiroshima University, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A randomized adjuvant trial was conducted from October 1982 to January 1985 to evaluate the addition
of tamoxifen (TAM) to combination chemotherapy with perioperative mitomycin C (MMC) and ftorafur (FT) for patients with
estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors and the addition of PSK, a biologic response modifier, to MMC+FT chemotherapy
for patients with ER-negative tumors in operable Stage IIA, IIB, and IIIA cancer. The doses used were 20 mg of oral TAM
daily, 600 mg of oral FT daily, and 3 g of oral PSK daily for 2 years. Intravenous MMC (13 mg/m2) was given on the day
of operation.
METHODS: A total of 967 patients were entered and randomized by stratification based on ER status and
staging (1978 International Union Against Cancer [UICC] criteria at the time of trial execution). Of 967 patients, 914
(94.5%) were evaluable. At 5-year follow-up, significant prolonged overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS)
times were seen with the addition of TAM in patients with ER-positive and Stage IIIA T3N0 cancer (1987 UICC-American
Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] criteria); however, no significant survival benefit from TAM was seen in patients with
ER-positive and Stage IIA T2N1 cancer. There was no significant difference between regimens, with or without PSK, in
patients with ER-negative disease.
RESULTS: Results of subset analyses suggested a benefit from TAM in
postmenopausal patients with ER-positive and Stage IIA T2N1 cancer and a benefit from PSK in patients with
node-negative, ER-negative, and Stage IIA T2N1 cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: The 5-year results of the current trial showed a
survival advantage by the addition of TAM to chemotherapy in patients with ER-positive and Stage IIIA T3N0 cancer.
PMID: 1423177 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
PubMed
U.S. National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health
Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances
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Post Partum, and Pre- menstrual symptoms undercontrol by inLifes, inForce Immune Builder
Kimberly Kleinhenz says:
MY EXPERIENCE WITH “IN FORCE”
I am a 28 year-old single mother of two boys, ages 1 and 3. I have a full time job as the Sales and Marketing director of an extremely successful local wellness center here in Stuart, Florida. My job and small children keep me moving, and rarely allow down time for sickness or fatigue.
Working in the wellness industry I am exposed daily to a multitude of nutritional supplements, none of which have sparked any real interest in me. These “miracle cures” range from immune builders and weight loss systems, to organ and digestive cleansers. Although I have no major health or weight problems, I am not as healthy as I was prior to the birth of my two children.
After my first pregnancy, my energy level dropped dramatically. I was diagnosed with Post Partum Depression and put on anti- depressants and anti- anxiety medication. Becoming pregnant with my second son while my first was only nine months old drained me even more. Having these two back to back pregnancies depleted a lot of nutrients from my body, and I was sick frequently due to a compromised immune system. InForce was suggested to me by a co- worker, and on September 23rd I started a 45 day trial using six capsules a day. I felt a very subtle increase in energy within the first five days. Within the next 4-5 days I noticed that I felt healthier than I had prior to taking the InForce. The most substantial change that I noticed happened around days 14-17 when my menstrual cycle started and I had almost none of the regularly intense symptoms.
Ever since my children were born I have had severe pre- menstrual symptoms. I have had dramatic mood swings, severe cramping, and an increase in appetite and irritability. I was shocked when my period had started without any of the regular warning signs at all. It took me a day or so to realize the reason for what had happened. The only thing I had changed in my diet or lifestyle was adding the InForce. After that there were no substantial moments to document.
I also noticed that I wasn’t sick at all during the 45 days I was taking the InForce even though my children were sick with two different stomach bugs. It is not unusual for me to catch whatever my children bring home from school, especially now that I tended to get sick more easily.
My biggest testimony about InForce working in my life isn’t so much of an actual cure for a pre-existing illness as it is the prevention of what I am usually catching so easily. In addition it was regulating my menstrual cycle and the decrease in its monthly symptoms, all while increasing my energy level. I love the product and believe it has done nothing but benefit my life and my family. I would recommend InForce to anyone.
The pain of Fibromyalgia, subsided by alternative herbal treatment- inLifes Immune booster called inForce
Krista Stagg says:
I was diagnosed with Fibromyalgia over 13 years ago. I have tried every prescription drug my Dr. thought would help and tried so many supplements and vitamins that are supposed to help that I have lost count. I was getting by but never felt like I used to. I had good days and bad days, but mostly bad, so bad I couldn’t get out of bed for days at a time. I couldn’t get out of bed to play with my 3 wonderful little boys, I couldn’t get dinner on the table, I was basically bedridden much of the time. I was living but I was almost always in pain and had no energy. I was almost resigned to this and one day a dear friend told me about InFORCE. He shared how it had saved his life, and he encouraged me to try it. I, of course, was skeptical but I finally did. It has CHANGED my life. I now have a life!! After just a few days my energy levels were up, then after 2 weeks I realized I had NO Fibro pain, my muscles were pain free and to this day I haven’t had one flareup, even during times of intense stress. My husband has his wife back, my children have their mother back and everyday it just gets better. My blood pressure has gone down, I lost 15 lbs and no longer have problems sleeping, all because of InFORCE. I was able to stop taking 3 of my prescription meds that has saved me hundreds of dollars and best of all with InFORCE I have no bad side effects. I became an Independent Distributor and so far everyone who has bought this product has said how much better they feel and they keep ordering. I am so blessed to have my life back and to be able to share this with everyone! Thank you Scott and the InLife team. You’ve changed my life and I’m so excited for everyone who gets the opportunity to use InFORCE!! I have my life back and it’s all due to this incredible product!
Using alternative herbal medicine instead of Chemotherapy.
Pamela Prizant says:
I had to go through chemotherapy in my early 30?s for breast cancer – if I had it to do over again I would only take the InForce and nothing else – in fact, if (God Forbid) I ever have the cancer again I will refuse taking horrible chemo and only take the InForce!! I totally believe in the InLife InForce Products and know that I am going to help people be saved from many auto-immune deficiency diseases!!
PSP and PSK
Informatioin Office of the Research Institute of Fungi Shanghai Teachers University
PSP and PSK are the 2 products of Yun Zhi ratified by Chinese Ministry of Public Health and Japanese Ministry of Public Health respectively.
PSK was first manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. The PS in PSK represents polysaccharide and K represents the first alphabet of the name of this Company. It was originally written as PS-K and was later changed to PSK. o; The commercial name of the product is Krestin.
PSP was prepared by Professor Qing-yao Yang. It is like PSK and is also a kind of compound polysaccharide. On the molecules of the polysaccharide, the small molecular protein (polypeptide) is connected. So it is called Yun Zhi Duo Tang Tai or Yun Zhi Tang Tai. The Tang Tai English names were originally glycopeptide, proteoglucan, glycosaminoglucan, etc. But the polysaccharide is all composed of N-acetyl-amino-hexose. But the polysaccharides of PSP and PSK are not composed of N-acetylamino-hexose. So it is not suitable to use the name. So the word “polysaccharopeptide” or “polysaccharide-peptide” is used and is abbreviated as PSP or Ps-p.
According to the different degrees of extraction, there are a series of PSP products. PSP directly extracted from the mycelia of Yun Zhi is called Yun Zhi Polysaccharide-peptide (Trade mark Qing Kang) and PSP polysacchardie-peptide (Landford). The former is sold on the market of Mainland China and the latter is according to the export specifications and is sold overseas. These 2 products are mainly used for tumorous patients.
The essence of the product is obtained by further isolation of the crude product. It is called Essence of Mushroom (Yun Zhi) (The sole distributor is Winsor Health Products Ltd., Hong Kong) used for healthy purposes.
Japan is quite specialized in the research of Yun Zhi. Besides PSK, Hirose, S. et al, (1970), Naruse S. and Takeda S. (in 1970) and Sugiura M. (in 1980) isolated two anticancerous components of the mycelia of Yun Zhi respectively. The former is called
ASTO and latter D–II. In addition, Ito H. et al (in 1974) extracted from the fermented mash of Yun Zhi an anti-tumor component which does not contain protein and it is called Coriolan. Its chemical components are glucans (by Hayashida S. et al, in 1992). But the above-mentioned three components still remain in the process of pharmacological research and was not used in clinical application.
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Though PSP and PSK are all a kind of protein bound polysaccharide and are all extracted from the deep layer cultivated mycelia, yet they use the different strains, fermented medium and different extracted methods. Thus there is a certain difference between PSP and PSK. It is known that in the polysaccharide of PSP there is fucose, while there is no fucose in PSP, which contains arabinose and rhamnose; while there are no such ingredients in PSK. On the other hand, according to the pharmacological and clinical research, PSP has the definite effect of alleviating pain and increasing appetite, while there is no such report on PSK. Comparison of Two Characterisitics of PSP and PSK |
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Items compared |
Similarities |
Dissimilarities |
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Fungi |
Yun Zhi Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel |
PSP: Cov-1 strain PSK: CM-101 strain |
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Drug produced |
PSP: capsule PSK: loose package |
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Powder color |
brown |
PSP: brown PSK: dark brown |
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Raw materials |
deep-layer cultivated mycelia (2N) |
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Fermentation technology |
with glucose as the main carbon source (25oC, 3 days) |
PSP: nitrogenous source: soya beancake powder PSK: nitrogenous source: peptone and yeast cake |
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Extract and isolate |
obtained by immersion in hot water |
PSP: isolate by alcoholic precipitation PSK: isolate by salting out with (NH4)2SO4 |
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Medicinal ingredients |
protein bound polysaccharide; average molecular wt. 1 x 105 Da the polysaccharide is formed from many monosaccahrides containing |
PSP: polysaccharides contain arabinose and rhmanose, but no fucose PSK: polysaccharides do not |
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Anticancerous Effect of PSP Purified Products and KS-2 on Human Tumor Cell Lines in Vitro
Liang-zhong Xu, Jun Han and Gang Chen Laboratory of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical University
Abstract
The anticancer effects of PSP purified products, PSP-A, PSP-B, PSP-C and crude product PSP-Cr and KS-2 were compared on four human tumor cell lines in vitro. It was found that the inhibition rate of cell proliferation of PSP-A was higher than that of PSP-Cr, PSP-B and PSP-C (P<0.05). On SPC cells, the inhibition rate of PSP-A at a dosage of 1000ug/ml was 62.7%, being the highest as compared with those on the other three cell lines.
Antitumor Effect of Polysaccharide Peptide of Coriolus versicolor (PSP) and its Mechanism
Jin-Xu Zhou, Xin-li Shen, Zu-ming Shen, Xiao-yu Li Department of Pharmacology I Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
Abstract
Polysaccharide peptide of Coriolus versicolor (PSP) is a new anti-tumor and immunomodulating drug. In this paper PSP showed direct inhibition on the cell proliferation of sarcoma 180 in vitro and inhibitory effect on the growth of murine sarcoma 180 in vivo. Owing to its direct cytotoxic effect was not strong, but at lower concentrations (10-20ug/ml) of PSP promoted the proliferation of T and pre-T cells of mouse thymus, increased the thymus weight, provided more number of lymphocytes, prevented the involuation of thymus in tumor bearing mice and antagonized the anti-tumor action of PSP combined with antilymphocyte serum. It is suggested the principal mechanism of anti-tumor activity of PSP was T-cell mediated cytotoxicity.
It has been known that some polysaccharides and polysaccharide peptide isolated from various natural sources, especially isolated from Basiodiomycetes have certain anti-tumor activities. The polysaccharide contained a main chain of an alpha and beta (1-4) glucan and a tightly bound 15-38% polypeptides (PSP) isolated from Coriolus versicolor (Fr) Quel. (Cov-1) by Professor Qing-yao Yang also exhibited antitumor action against mouse sarcoma 180 in vitro and in vivo. Recent experiments suggest three possible mechanism by which these PSP might act: (1) Potentiating of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity which killed more number of target-tumor cells. (2) Definite concentration of PSP produced direct cytotoxic activity in vitro. (3) Induction of tumorcidal macrophages killed more cancer cells. In this paper the antitumor action of PSP and its possible mechanism are reported