All posts by author1

Salidroside production by hairy roots of Rhodiola sachalinensis obtained after transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes.

Zhou X, Wu Y, Wang X, Liu B, Xu H.

Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin 136000, China.

Abstract

Hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes grow faster, and are considered as genetically stable. These hairy roots can be used as an interesting material for the production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical value. Salidroside has been identified as the major compounds from the roots of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. BOR. Here, we provide an update that adds new perspectives on the prospects and challenges of producing Salidroside from hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogene in Rhodiola sachalinensis A. BOR. For high salidroside production, the optimal concentration for precursor (Tyrosol, Tyrosine, and Phenylalanine) and elicitor (Aspergillus niger, Coriolus versicolor, and Ganoderma lucidum) was added in the LB liquid medium, respectively. The addition of elicitor in the liquid MS medium and the utilization of precursor from chemical feeding enhanced biomass accumulation and salidroside production. The optimal concentration for elicitor and precursor in the liquid medium was 0.05 mg/l and 1 mmol/l, respectively.

PMID: 17329834 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]Free Article

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17329834

In vivo effect of I’m-Yunity on hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4.

Nicandro JP, Tsourounis C, Frassetto L, Guglielmo BJ.

Dept of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ps01459@itsa.ucsf.edu

Abstract

The inhibition or induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme associated with herbal medicines such as I’m-Yunity (Coriolus versicolor) can result in clinically significant herb-drug interactions. The active ingredient of I’m-Yunity is believed to be polysaccharopeptide polymer (PSP). Drug interactions between I’m-Yunity and other medications or supplements are yet to be investigated. The objective of this single-treatment, one-period, three-phase, open-labeled study was to evaluate the ability of I’m-Yunity to inhibit or induce CYP3A4 in 12 healthy adult volunteers (8 women and 4 men) aged between 23 and 54 years through the use of a CYP3A4-specific assay, the erythromycin breath test (EBT). EBT measurements are reported as percentage of 14C-Erythromycin metabolized/hr. Participants were given a 14-day supply of I’m-Yunity and instructed to take 1200 mg, three times daily with meals. Comparisons of all subjects’ mean CYP3A4 activities were performed with the EBT before and after taking I’m- Yunity. Results revealed a mean EBT change (SD) from baseline of 0.08% (0.56%) 14C-Erythromycin metabolized/hr, which was not significant (p = 0.63). Therefore, 14 days of exposure to I’m-Yunity was not associated with clinically significant CYP3A4 inhibition or induction, suggesting that short-term administration of I’m-Yunity with medications primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 is safe and not expected to be associated with significant herb-drug interactions. However, it is still unknown whether interactions exist between I’m-Yunity and other medications metabolized by other CYP450 isozymes or enzyme/transporter systems.

PMID: 17594986 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17594986

Pretreatment of bamboo residues with Coriolus versicolor for enzymatic hydrolysis.

Zhang X, Xu C, Wang H.

College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China. zhangxiaoyu@mail.hust.edu.cn

Abstract

Pretreatment by a white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor B1 under different conditions and saccharification of bamboo were investigated. The saccharification rate was significantly enhanced and a maximum saccharification rate of 37.0% was achieved after pretreatment. Reducing sugars yield was 223.2 mg/g of bamboo residues, which was 2.34 times that of the raw material. It was feasible to treat bamboo residues with B1 for the saccharification of bamboo.

PMID: 17884661 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]Free Article

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17884661

Desorption of zinc by extracellularly produced metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma reesei and Coriolus versicolor.

Adams P, Lynch JM, De Leij FA.

School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.

Abstract

AIMS: To determine the role of fungal metabolites in the desorption of metals.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Desorption of Zn from charcoal by three different fungi was compared against metal desorption with reverse osmosis water, a 0.1% Tween 80 solution and a 0.1 mol l(-1) CaCl(2) solution. All three fungal filtrates desorbed three times more Zn than either 0.1% Tween 80 or 0.1 mol l(-1) CaCl(2). Metal chelator production in Trichoderma harzianum and Coriolus versicolor was constitutively expressed while chelator production in Trichoderma reesei was induced by Zn. The presence of Zn inhibited the production of metal chelators by C. versicolor. Only C. versicolor was found to produce oxalic acid (a strong metal chelator). All fungi caused a marked decrease in pH, although this was not enough to explain the increased desorption of the metals by the different fungal filtrates.

CONCLUSIONS: Metal chelation via organic acids and proteins are the main mechanisms by which the fungal filtrates increase zinc desorption.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results of this study explain why plants inoculated with T. harzianum T22 take up more metal from soil, than noninoculated plants while metabolites produced by fungi could be used for metal leaching from contaminated soils.

PMID: 18045407 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

https://mushroomstudies.co/wp-admin/post-new.php

[Coriolus versicolor–innovation in prevention of oncogynecological diseases, especially HPV]

Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2008;47 Suppl 3:51-3.

[Article in Bulgarian]

Bogdanova J.

Abstract

Coriolus-MRL is a nutrient adjuvant, which contains biomass of the fungus Coriolus versicolor and is studied to reverse early stages of cervical cancer and to reduce risk factors of reoccurring HPV virus.

PMID: 19449722 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19449722

Biological activity, structural features, and synthetic studies of (-)-ternatin, a potent fat-accumulation inhibitor of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Shimokawa K, Mashima I, Asai A, Ohno T, Yamada K, Kita M, Uemura D.

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.

Abstract

A series of studies, including preliminary screening, isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and biological evaluation, of (-)-ternatin (1) are described. A highly N-methylated cyclic heptapeptide isolated from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor, 1 shows an inhibitory effect on fat accumulation by 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes (EC50 = 0.02 microg mL(-1)). Detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, as well as amino acid analysis, suggested four stereoisomers as candidates for 1. For the complete structural elucidation of 1, chemical syntheses were carried out by solid-phase peptide synthesis. By comparing the spectroscopic data for the natural product with the data for the synthetic stereoisomers, the structure of 1 was confirmed to be cyclo[D-allo-Ile1-L-(NMe)Ala2-L-(NMe)Leu3-L-Leu4-L-(NMe)Ala5-D-(NMe)Ala6-(2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-Leu7].

PMID: 18181124 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18181124

Function of the iron-binding chelator produced by Coriolus versicolor in lignin biodegradation.

Wang L, Yan W, Chen J, Huang F, Gao P.

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.

Abstract

An ultrafiltered low-molecular-weight preparation of chelating compounds was isolated from a wood-containing culture of the white-rot basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor. This preparation could chelate Fe3+ and reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, demonstrating that the substance may serve as a ferric chelator, oxygen-reducing agent, and redox-cycling molecule, which would include functioning as the electron transport carrier in Fenton reaction. Lignin was treated with the iron-binding chelator and the changes in structure were investigated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, difference spectrum caused by ionization under alkaline conditions and nitrobenzene oxidation. The results indicated that the iron-binding chelator could destroy the beta-O-4 bonds in etherified lignin units and insert phenolic hydroxyl groups. The low-molecular-weight chelator secreted by C. versicolor resulted in new phenolic substructures in the lignin polymer, making it susceptible to attack by laccase or manganese peroxidase. Thus, the synergic action of the iron-binding chelator and the lignocellulolytic enzymes made the substrate more accessible to degradation.

PMID: 18246309 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18246309

Production of polygalacturonase from Coriolus versicolor grown on tomato pomace and its chromatographic behaviour on immobilized metal chelates.

do Rosário Freixo M, Karmali A, Arteiro JM.

Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Evora, Rua Ramalho Ortigão N 59, Evora, Portugal.

Abstract

Tomato pomace and pectin were used as the sole carbon sources for the production of polygalacturonase from a strain of Coriolus versicolor in submerged culture. The culture of C. versicolor grown on tomato pomace exhibited a peak of polygalacturonase activity (1,427 U/l) on the third day of culture with a specific activity of 14.5 U/mg protein. The production of polygalacturonase by C. versicolor grown on pectin as a sole carbon source increased with the time of cultivation, reaching a maximum activity of 3,207 U/l of fermentation broth with a specific activity of 248 U/mg protein. The levels of different isoenzymes of polygalacturonase produced during the culture growth were analysed by native PAGE. Differential chromatographic behaviour of lignocellulosic enzymes produced by C. versicolor (i.e. polygalacturonase, xylanase and laccase) was studied on immobilized metal chelates. The effect of ligand concentration, pH, the length of spacer arm and the nature of metal ion were studied for enzyme adsorption on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The adsorption of these lignocellulosic enzymes onto immobilized metal chelates was pH-dependent since an increase in protein adsorption was observed as the pH was increased from 6.0 to 8.0. The adsorption of polygalacturonase as well as other enzymes to immobilized metal chelates was due to coordination of histidine residues which are available at the protein surface since the presence of imidazole in the equilibration buffer abolished the adsorption of the enzyme to immobilized metal chelates. A one-step purification of polygalacturonase from C. versicolor was devised by using a column of Sepharose 6B-EPI 30-IDA-Cu(II) and purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of about 150 U/mg protein, final recovery of enzyme activity of 100% and a purification factor of about 10. The use of short spacer arm and the presence of imidazole in equilibration buffer exhibited a higher selectivity for purification of polygalacturonase on this column with a high purification factor. The purified enzyme preparation was analysed by SDS-PAGE as well as by “in situ” detection of enzyme activity.

PMID: 18253772 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253772

Selection of white-rot basidiomycetes for bioconversion of mustard (Brassica compestris) straw under solid-state fermentation into energy substrate for rumen micro-organism.

Tripathi MK, Mishra AS, Misra AK, Vaithiyanathan S, Prasad R, Jakhmola RC.

Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India. mktripathi@gmail.com

Abstract

AIMS: Selection of white-rot fungi of bio-conversion of mustard straw (MS) into feed for ruminants.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Mustard straw was cultured with Ganoderma applanatum, Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium for solid-state fermentation at 35 degrees C from 7 to 63 days for delignification and for 21 days to study dry matter digestibility and protein enrichment. Lignin loss in fungus cultured straw varied between 100 and 470 g kg(-1) lignin. Delignification was higher between 7 and 28 days fermentation with C. versicolor. Among the three fungi P. chrysosporium was the most effective in degrading lignin for longer fermentation. In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein content was higher in C. versicolor cultured straw. Large quantity of straw was cultured by C. versicolor for 21 days, for in vivo evaluation. Mean pH and metabolites of rumen fermentation were not different while, pH and volatile fatty acid increased at 6 h postfermentation on cultured straw feeding. Cultured straw fermentation increased (P = 0.001) small holotricks and reduced (P = 0.005) large holotricks population. Fungus cultures straw did not improve microbial enzyme concentration.

CONCLUSIONS: Coriolus versicolor and P. chrysosporium were the promising fungus for MS bio-delignification.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Coriolus versicolor treated MS improved dry matter digestibility and protein content.

PMID: 18266643 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18266643

Polysaccharopeptide enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin and etoposide on human breast cancer cells ZR-75-30.

Wan JM, Sit WH, Louie JC.

Food and Nutritional Science Division, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. jmfwan@hkusua.hku.hk

Abstract

In search of natural bioactive microbial compounds with adjuvant properties, we have previously showed that the polysaccharopeptide (PSP), isolated from Chinese medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, was able to enhance the cytotoxicity of certain S-phase targeted-drugs on human leukemic HL-60 cells via some cell-cycle and apoptotic-dependent pathways. The present study aimed to investigate whether the synergism of mechanisms of PSP with certain chemotherapeutic drugs also applies to human breast cancer. PSP treatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Doxo), etoposide (VP-16) but not cytarabine (Ara-C). Bivariate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)/DNA flow cytometry analysis estimated a longer DNA synthesis time (Ts) for the PSP treated cancerous cells suggesting that PSP enhanced the apoptotic effect of Doxo and VP-16 via creating an S-phase trap in the human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-30. The participation of PSP in the apoptotic machinery of the chemotherapeutic agents was further supported by a reduced ratio of protein expression of Bcl-xL/Bax of the cancer cells. This study provides further insight into the synergistic mechanisms of PSP and supports the hypothesis that the anticancer potentials of PSP is not limited to leukemia but may also be used as an adjuvant therapy for breast cancers.

PMID: 18292947 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292947